Tuesday, March 6, 2012

From Emiliano to Eva...

“Its better to die on your feet than to live on your knees.”  Emiliano Zapata
“You must want! You have the right to ask! You must desire.” Evita Perón

Let's recap...

Emiliano Zapata and the Mexican Revolution
  • 1910-1920
  • Everyone was fed up with President Porfirio Díaz (wealthy, middle and poor)
  • Francisco Madero, believer in democracy and a threat to Díaz, issued the "Plan of San Luis" which declared Díaz's re-election a fraud. He PROMISED to return all land taken from the peasants, he wanted voting rights, and he wanted the Presidency to last only one-term. This marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution.
  • Pascual Orozco and Pancho Villa join the revolution with Madero, they bring the northern part of Mexico to the revolution
  • Meanwhile, Zapata is fighting for land rights in the south
  • Madero became President, November 1911: SLOW to work on land reform = angers peasants, puts taxes on oil companies for education = angers US, wants to pay hacienda owners 'fairly' for land "lost" =  angers hacienda owners: seeks help from General Victoriano Huerta to handle "angry" people
  • February 9 - 18, 1913 = Ten Tragic Days mutiny against Madero that leads to Huerta ordering the execution of thousands of civilians and rebels
  • February 22, 1913 Madero murdered and Huerta is in charge ( coincidence? )
  • Huerta killed or jailed any and everyone who disagreed with him (sound familiar). Huerta was supported by the conservatives, the Catholic Church and the Americans (surprised?)
  • October 1913, Huerta is reelected as President, even though he didn't run hmm 
  • July 1914, Huerta resigns due to constant battles throughout the country
  • Venustiano Carranza became President in 1917 (officially) , killed in 1920
Plus all of the information from the movie Viva Zapata, this is just to fill in some of the gaps.

Here what was happening in the rest of Latin America...

1912 - 1933: US Marines occupy Nicaragua, created a National Guard, where Anastasio Somoza Garcia rose to rank of General
1916 - 1924:US Marines occupy Dominican Republic, where Rafael Leonidas Trujillo served in the National Guard and learned how to maintain peace after the Marines left.
1927: Trujillo became Brigadier General and Commander in Chief of the Army
1927: Augusto Cesár Sandino first Sandinista uprising in Nicaragua
1929: Conservatives allow women to vote in Ecuador, the 1st Latin American country!
1930: General Trujillo overthrows the Dominican Republic government and became President and lost all of his common sense. He ruled until he was assassinated in 1961.
1932: A peasant uprising in El Salvador leads to the death of 30,000 Indians under the rule of General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez ... claimed to be an anti-communist purge.  
1933: FDR and the Good Neighbor Policy (check out the pictures)
1933: Revolt of the Sergeants: Fulengio Batista, Cuba. Batista ruled for several years, left for Miami, returned in 1952 leading another Coup. His regime was recognized by President Eisenhower. Stayed in power until 1959 when he was overthrown by Castro.
1936: Anastasio Somoza forced President Sacasa to resign and became President in 1937. He ruled until 1979
1938: Lázaro Cárdenas nationalizes the oil industry in Mexico.
1946: Juan Domingo Perón elected President of Argentina

I gave you a few links, in case you wanted more information. Here are a few facts about Eva Peron to get you started...

May 1919: Born, Eva María Duarte
1926: Father dies, Eva denied entrance at funeral because neither her or her 4 siblings were his legitimate children.
1935: Actress in a play
1937: 1st job as a radio actress
1943: Met Juan Perón, Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare.
1945: Married Perón
1946: Perón is elected to Presidency
1947: Argentine women receive the right to vote and the right to hold political office
1948: Eva forms the Eva Perón Social Aid Foundation, a charity organization that distributed over $50 million a year to the poor and needy.
1951: Announced that Eva Perón would run as VP on the reelection ticket with her husband Perón as President, but due to opposition pressure she declines the nomination. 
1952: Eva died, 26 July 1952 from cancer

Additional information

Eva Perón Biography
Eva Perón Timeline

Hopefully this will help you as we watch Eva Perón.

Here's a clip from the movie...



 Ciao,
MLMoore



No comments: